NOTE: There are some variances in terminal appearance and contents depending on the location, but this is a broad overview of many of the various terminals that you will find in the 'verse
Buy mining heads, gadgets, and supplies
Same as the Refinery Shop: Buy mining heads, gadgets, and supplies
Rent mining vehicles for a short term, great for trying them out
Start refinery jobs from SHIP mineables - things that can be refined will have (ore) or (raw) at the end of their names. Refinery jobs vary in cost, time they will take, and yield, and can even vary from one refinery to another.
If you *don't* want to refine your SHIP mineables and just want to sell them as-is. Again, these will be things that have (ore) or (raw) at the end of their name.
These are the ADMIN office kiosks where you will sell most of your FPS/Ground Vehicle mineables as-is (since they cannot be refined). Also where you do commodity trading at stations.
If your mineables are in demand you will have the option to sell them here. If they are not in demand, or listed under the CANNOT SELL category, then you will have to sell them elsewhere (usually in business districts in landing zones at the trade centers, but not always). You can check UEX Corp (linked in the top right) for known selling locations.